Hemodialysis Treatment

What Is Hemodialysis?

Hemodialysis Treatment is a type of renal replacement therapy used to mimic the natural functions of the kidneys when they are no longer able to perform efficiently. It involves the use of a machine and a dialyzer (commonly called an artificial kidney) to filter and purify the blood.

How It Works

1. Access Creation: Before treatment begins, a vascular access point is created, typically in the arm, to allow blood to flow between the body and the dialysis machine.
   
   
   
   • Types of Access:
     
     
     
     • Fistula: Connects an artery and a vein, considered the best long-term option.
     
     
     • Graft: A synthetic tube connecting an artery and vein, used when fistulas aren’t viable.
     
     
     • Catheter: Temporary access placed in a large vein, often for emergency use.
     
     
     
     
   
   
   
   


2. Blood Filtration: Blood is drawn out of the body and passed through the dialyzer, which removes toxins and excess substances using a semipermeable membrane.


3. Return to the Body: The cleaned blood is then returned to the body, completing the cycle.
   
   

Who Needs Hemodialysis?

Hemodialysis is primarily used for individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the end-stage (ESRD) or those with acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring temporary support. Conditions that might necessitate hemodialysis include:

• Diabetes and hypertension leading to kidney damage.


• Polycystic kidney disease.


• Severe infections or drug toxicity.


• Congenital kidney disorders.
  
  

The Hemodialysis Process

Pre-Treatment Preparation

• Patients are weighed to determine fluid gain since the last session.


• Blood pressure, temperature, and heart rate are checked.


• The vascular access site is inspected for signs of infection or malfunction.

During Treatment

• Sessions typically last 3 to 5 hours, performed three times a week.


• The patient can read, watch TV, or even sleep during the procedure.


• Healthcare professionals monitor the process to ensure safety and efficiency.

Post-Treatment Care

• Patients are re-weighed to confirm the removal of excess fluid.


• Vital signs are rechecked.


• Any unusual symptoms, such as dizziness or cramping, are documented.

Benefits of Hemodialysis

1. Toxin Removal: Restores balance by eliminating waste products and excess electrolytes.


2. Fluid Control: Prevents complications such as swelling and high blood pressure caused by fluid retention.


3. Improved Quality of Life: Helps patients live longer and more active lives, even with kidney failure.
   
   

Challenges and Risks

Physical Side Effects

• Fatigue or low energy levels after treatment.


• Low blood pressure, causing dizziness or fainting.


• Muscle cramps due to rapid fluid removal.

Complications at Access Sites

• Infections or clotting.


• Swelling and discomfort.

Psychological and Emotional Impact

• Lifestyle disruptions due to the time commitment of regular sessions.


• Emotional stress from dependency on treatment.
  
  

Future of Hemodialysis

Ongoing research aims to improve the quality and accessibility of hemodialysis. Innovations include:

• Portable dialysis machines.


• Wearable artificial kidneys.


• Improved biocompatible materials for dialyzers.